Guide to Mount Taftan in Iran

Mount Taftan, standing at an elevation of 4,050 meters above sea level, is the highest peak in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Recognized as one of Iran’s “Simorgh” peaks (the highest points of each province), it is a semi-active volcano located near the city of Khash. Despite its height, the arid and warm climate means it is only covered in snow and ice during specific months of the year.

The Peaks of Taftan

The Taftan massif stretches across a 12-kilometer belt and features four main summits with three volcanic vents:

• Mader-Kuh (Mother Mountain): The most famous peak due to its active volcanic vents and constant emission of sulfur gases. Its height is estimated at 3,920 meters.

• Chehel-Tan (also known as Ziarat Peak): Located north of Mader-Kuh. GPS measurements suggest this is actually the highest point, ranging between 3,930 and 3,940 meters. Its name comes from a legend of forty religious ascetics who vanished on the mountain.

• Sobh Peak: Located near the main summits with a similar elevation.

• Nar-Kuh: Located on the northwestern prong, about 1.5 km from Mader-Kuh. It is rarely climbed and stands at approximately 3,925–3,930 meters.

Climbing Routes

While there are several routes—such as Torshab (South), Tamin (North), and Sangan (Northeast)—the most popular and accessible is the Western Route, also known as the Darah-gol or Shelter Route.

Route Overview: Darah-gol to the Summit

• Starting Point: Darah-gol Camp (2,510m)

• Total Elevation Gain: Over 1,400 meters

• Distance: Approximately 9 km to Mader-Kuh

• Midpoint: Sobh Shelter (3,250m)

Stage 1: Darah-gol Village to Sobh Shelter

From Khash, drive 20 km north to reach Darah-gol Village. The village offers basic accommodation and spring water.

1. Tang-e Galu: A rocky gorge that requires some light scrambling. Note that sulfur smells may begin here.

2. Dasht-e Zoghal: An alternative, longer hiking path that bypasses the gorge; recommended during rainy weather to avoid slippery rocks.

Stage 2: Sobh Shelter (Sobh Refuge)

Located at 3,228 meters, this shelter provides rooms, rain cover, and freshwater tanks. Most climbers spend the night here to acclimatize. From here, the push to the summit takes 3 to 4 hours.

Stage 3: The Final Ascent

The path above the shelter consists of volcanic gravel and boulders. As you approach the crater, the slope steepens and sulfur fumes become intense.

• Caution: You must wear a mask. The sulfur gas reacts with moisture to create sulfuric acid (known as Tiz-ab-e Soltani), which is highly toxic and corrosive.

Best Time to Climb

• Spring (March – May): The ideal season with moderate temperatures.

• Summer: Extremely hot and physically draining. The “120-day winds” of Sistan can make climbing difficult from June to October.

• Winter/Late Autumn: Characterized by fierce winds and sudden ice/snow near the summit. While not a heavy “snow mountain,” Taftan’s winter gales are dangerous.

Why Visit Taftan?

1. Semi-Active Volcano: Seeing the billowing sulfur smoke from the vents is a unique geological experience.

2. Cultural Heritage: The journey offers a chance to meet the hospitable Baloch people in Khash.

3. Therapeutic Hot Springs: Numerous springs like Jam-Chen, Amani, and Torshab are rich in minerals believed to help with joint pain.

4. Biodiversity: The slopes are home to medicinal plants like mountain almond, wild thyme, chicory, and rhubarb.

5. Technical Climbing: Professional rock climbers can challenge the Gerash-Khan and Shast-e Khoda walls.

6. The Three Lakes: Near the summit lies the Daryasar area, featuring two freshwater lakes and one deep saltwater lake.

Important Safety Tips

• Altitude Sickness: Because the peak reaches nearly 4,000m, ascend slowly and descend immediately if you feel dizzy or nauseous.

• Sulfur Protection: Always carry a proper mask. Avoid long exposure near the vents.

• Water: While some springs exist, carry at least 3 liters of drinking water.

• Gear: Even in warm months, the summit is windy. Bring a high-quality windbreaker and warm layers.

• Terrain: Be wary of “scree” (loose sliding rocks) and unstable boulders, especially on the descent.